Pay attention that this page is under construction. Information inside
can be read but shall not be taken as input for any exam or definite
information.
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¶ Introduction
There is no generic method to handle multiple runway in one airfield
except for Parallel runway
operations.
The key point here for multiple runway management is to maintain
standard separation according to the regulation.
There are also key point for multiple runway management:
- Reduce taxi time before take-off and after landing
- Reduce flown time during approach
- Increase traffic flow for take-off
- Reduce runway non-availability time
- Segregate the departure and the take-off flow on ground
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¶ Single runway operation
When several runways are available in every possible configuration and
shapes, ATC may operate his airfield by using only one runway for
take-off and landing.
When the wind are strong, only one end of runway can be used for landing
and taking-off.
The decision to select only one runway, when several are possible, is
taken considering the following criteria:
- Night configuration sometimes require one runway operation
- Noise abatement procedure impose the landing and/or the take-off
runway - LVP procedure impose the selected runway
- Low traffic flow
- Closed runway for maintenance
The capacity of one runway depends of mixed traffic and type of control:
- VFR only : 50 operations per hour
- IFR only : 50 operations per hour
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¶ Parallel runway operations
Please consult Parallel runway
operations documentation for
this regulation.
¶ Configuration with 2 parallel runways
This usual configuration can be found on major airfield with moderate
international traffic is present where only one runway is not enough to
provide the minimum flow of traffic.
The use of dual runway is different in function of the spacing between
them. (see Parallel runway
operations ):
- both runways are dependent = not possible to land and take-off at
the same time. - both runway are independent = possible to use each runway for
landing or take-off operation without considering the current use of
other runway.
In dependent parallel runways, the normal use of these runways are :
- Only one runway is used, other is considered as inactive
- One runway is reserved for taking-off (usually the closest runway to
the gates and/or the longest runway) and/or - One runway is reserved for landing (usually the runway with maximum
IFR capacity or LVP Compatible and if possible the runway which
lower taxi operation to the gates)
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In dependent parallel runway, these operations cannot be allowed without
taking adequate separation between the traffic :
- 2 Take-off at the same time one on each runway
- 2 Landing at the same time one on each runway
- 1 Take-off on a runway and one landing on the other at the same
time
The allowed procedures for this configuration are:
- Line-up on the parallel approach during one landing.
- 1 Take-off is possible when the landing traffic speed on parallel
runway cannot permit any go around (Speed < 60Kt) - 2 Take-off are possible on both runway when respecting wake
turbulence separation between 2 traffic, like they are taking off
from the same runway. - 2 landing are possible one on each runway when closed parrallel
runway approach separation is maintained during the approach between
both traffic until the first one has landed.
The capacity of 2 dependent parallel runways depends of mixed traffic
and type of control: IFR : 50-60 operations per hour\
In independent parallel runways, the normal use of these runways are in
function of the airfield operation:
- Both runways can be used for landing and take-off operation
- Specialized runways can be used but ATC are not restricted to do so.
The capacity of 2 independent parallel runways depends of mixed traffic
and type of control: IFR : 100-120 operations per hour
Note: Specialized runway operation criteria see last paragraph of this
documentation.
¶ Configuration with 3/4 parallel runways
3/4 parallel runway configuration are created to take care high demand
of movements when the winds are predominant along the runway
orientation.
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This configuration can be found on major airfield with a lot of
international traffic:
- The airfield can be constructed as 2 independent pair of 2 dependent
runways - The airfield can be constructed as 3/4 independent runways
- The airfield can be constructed as 2 dependent runways with one or
two independent runway(s)
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The rules of dual parallel runway described above applies to these
configuration.
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One usual configuration is the 2 independent pair of 2 dependent
runways. In this configuration, the usual runway operation is:
- The inner runways are the runways dedicated for take-off.
- The outer runways are the runways dedicated for landing.
- the Terminal and gates are located between the pairs.
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¶ Staggered runway operations
When terminal building is located between the 2 runways and when one
runway is selected for take-off and the other one is selected for
landing, the configuration of the runways shall be selected to shorten
the taxi distance for departure and arrivals.
¶ Near Parallel runway operation
In progress ....
¶ Open V runway operation
In progress ....
¶ Intersect runway operation
In progress ....
¶ Specialized runway operation
In some airfield where are a minimum of 2 runways, you can use
configuration with specialized runways in function of other parameters
like:
- Open one runway for VFR only operation and/or open one runway for
IFR only operation - Open one runway for heavy traffic only and/or light traffic only due
to regulation - Open runways in function of specific departures (segregated traffic:
northern departures will use north runway...) - Open runways in function of specific arrivals (segregated traffic:
eastern arrivals will use specific runway and other another one) - Open specific runway during night operation
- Open specific runway for LVP operation
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¶
See also
¶
Reference
- None
¶
Author
- VID 150259 - Creation
- VID 150259 - Wiki integration